Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The viral infection can take two forms- acute infection (sudden onset of infection, which can worsen rapidly, but, may last for a brief period if treated on time) and chronic infection (infection develops gradually over time and can be of a longer duration). Following infection, the hepatitis B virus is present in the body fluids and secretions. In developed countries, HBV spreads mainly through unprotected sex and use of intravenous drugs.
Acute Hepatitis B infection causes symptoms such as a headache, body ache, joint pain, nausea, and eventually jaundice. Abdominal discomfort is also common. Dark urine and pale stools precede jaundice, while, vomiting and diarrhoea may follow once jaundice develops. In chronic hepatitis B infection, the liver infection is long-term and can damage the liver and may even cause liver cancer. For acute hepatitis B infection, doctors usually advise adequate rest, and optimal intake of fluids and a healthy diet. For chronic hepatitis B, the person is monitored regularly for signs of liver disease and evaluated for possible treatment. Oral anti-viral agents may be started if needed. However, once the anti-viral treatment begins, the person will need to take the medication for life. If left untreated, chronic HBV infection can progress to liver scarring or liver cancer.
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