Dengue is a type of viral infection spread by mosquitoes. It is caused by the dengue virus. There are 4 types of the virus ( types 1,2,3 and 4) and can result from either of these. Infection with any one type of dengue virus provides lifelong immunity to that specific type and a short period (around 2 years) of partial immunity to the other types, but a person may eventually be infected by all the 4 types. During an epidemic, any or all the types of dengue virus can be in circulation.
The dengue virus is transmitted from one person to another by a female Aedes aegypti mosquito. The mosquito itself acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. Symptoms of dengue include sudden onset high-grade fever, severe headache, nausea, pain behind the eyes, joint pains, excessive tiredness, body ache, loss of appetite and a skin rash. While fever and other symptoms usually last about 1 week, but weakness and loss of appetite may persist for several weeks.
There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue available currently. Supportive care with the use of paracetamol to bring the fever down, fluid replacement, and bed rest is recommended. Complications of Dengue include dengue haemorrhagic fever which, if left untreated most likely progresses to dengue shock syndrome.
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