Vaginal Odor

Summary

The vagina is an important organ of the female reproductive system. It is a thin muscular tube-like structure extending from the cervix (narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus). Various microorganisms normally reside in the vagina. These microbes keep the vagina healthy and hygienic. Among the different types of organisms present in the vagina, a group of aerobic microorganisms known as lactobacilli are present in high concentration. These bacteria help to maintain the pH or the acidity of the vaginal environment and thus prevent the growth of infection-causing organisms in the vagina.

In healthy conditions, the vagina is moist with no itching, foul odour, or abnormal discharge. In case of an infection, there is a change in the odour, colour, quantity, and consistency of the vaginal discharge. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites are the common causes of vaginal infections that result in a vaginal discharge with an unpleasant smell. Other conditions that result in foul vaginal odour include lack of hygiene, genetic disorder called fish odour syndrome (primary trimethylaminuria), menstrual bleeding, post-delivery phase, and more. Vaginal odour also undergoes changes during the monthly menstrual cycle with unpleasant odour present more towards the end than at the start of the cycle or mid-cycle. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and might be corroborated with further testing of the vaginal discharge for the confirmation of diagnosis. Appropriate treatment of the infection and adequate self-care to maintain vaginal hygiene helps to avoid foul vaginal odour. A foul-smelling vaginal discharge is a distressing symptom that can result in social withdrawal, depression, and other psychological disturbances in the woman experiencing it. 

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